[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":342},["ShallowReactive",2],{"application-flags":3,"navbar":7,"always-visible-banner":36,"navbar-about-highlight":108,"navbar-resource-highlight":182,"browser-identity-attacks-technique:evil-twin-integrations":226},[4],{"name":5,"enabled":6},"maintenanceMode",false,[8],{"createdDate":9,"id":10,"name":11,"modelId":12,"published":13,"query":14,"data":15,"variations":20,"lastUpdated":21,"firstPublished":22,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":24,"lastUpdatedBy":25,"folders":26,"meta":27,"rev":35},1742208588866,"1c7a4e423bf54ac1a328bb4063459ef2","Banner","1c6207a5f24948ab82d4a0b17f251193","published",[],{"type":16,"url":17,"text":18,"link":19},"web-banner","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-attacks-report","Get our latest report analyzing browser attack techniques in 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found Push to be more accurate when compared to competitors and the browser agent offered features that others couldn’t match.","42035571a56940ac98bff4544aa79aa5",{"author":129,"jobTitle":130,"quote":126,"image":131},"Jason Waits","\u003Cp>CISO at Inductive Automation\u003C/p>","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ff04c0c0689ce4a89ac0f0708d78c0a07",{},1735910703862,1735823501152,{"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"breakpoints":136,"hasAutosaves":34},{"small":32,"medium":33},"e8bsg4qrgtu",{},1776247404986,1776247404973,[],{"breakpoints":143,"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"hasAutosaves":6},{"xsmall":31,"small":32,"medium":33},"g9lqcuxphw7",{"createdDate":146,"id":147,"name":148,"modelId":113,"published":13,"meta":149,"stageModifiedSincePublish":6,"query":151,"data":152,"variations":178,"lastUpdated":179,"firstPublished":180,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":24,"lastUpdatedBy":24,"folders":181,"rev":144},1776255761419,"05a9322735fc427db12e2740e4302300","Report: 2026 Browser Attack Techniques",{"breakpoints":150,"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"hasAutosaves":6},{"xsmall":31,"small":32,"medium":33},[],{"testimonial":153,"link":172,"type":175,"title":148,"description":176,"image":177},{"@type":120,"id":154,"model":117,"value":155},"192acbb1f9ca4cac918c0ec435a8bae3",{"query":156,"folders":157,"createdDate":158,"id":154,"name":159,"modelId":127,"published":13,"data":160,"variations":166,"lastUpdated":167,"firstPublished":168,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":100,"lastUpdatedBy":24,"meta":169,"rev":171},[],[],1728981467463,"Push does for identity what CrowdStrike did for the endpoint",{"video":161,"jobTitle":162,"author":163,"qoute":29,"quote":164,"image":165},"https://cdn.builder.io/o/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F8b30e8ca50064058bbaef0f3c6164575%2Fcompressed?apiKey=f3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05&token=8b30e8ca50064058bbaef0f3c6164575&alt=media&optimized=true","\u003Cp>Deputy CISO at Microsoft\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Former LinkedIn, Slack, Palantir\u003C/p>","Geoff Belknap","Push does for identity what CrowdStrike did for the endpoint.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F748f0ad0a5064a00a13f4721fcc8dea1",{},1742902158597,1728981782923,{"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"breakpoints":170,"hasAutosaves":34},{"small":32,"medium":33},"ulhc0im1hfo",{"text":173,"url":174},"Download now","/resources/browser-attacks-report","resource","Learn about the latest techniques being used in the wild.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F7b4a5ebf81d64e8c9d7fc35f6c96c4a9",{},1776255810913,1776255810900,[],[183,205],{"createdDate":184,"id":185,"name":148,"modelId":186,"published":13,"meta":187,"stageModifiedSincePublish":6,"query":189,"data":190,"variations":200,"lastUpdated":201,"firstPublished":202,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":24,"lastUpdatedBy":24,"folders":203,"rev":204},1776256900280,"1f429607996e4e5fae8fe3f9b9610e55","4829faa81e7c4ee8bd2d000e160e8d3c",{"breakpoints":188,"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"hasAutosaves":6},{"xsmall":31,"small":32,"medium":33},[],{"testimonial":191,"link":199,"type":175,"title":148,"description":176,"image":177},{"@type":120,"id":154,"model":117,"value":192},{"query":193,"folders":194,"createdDate":158,"id":154,"name":159,"modelId":127,"published":13,"data":195,"variations":196,"lastUpdated":167,"firstPublished":168,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":100,"lastUpdatedBy":24,"meta":197,"rev":171},[],[],{"video":161,"jobTitle":162,"author":163,"qoute":29,"quote":164,"image":165},{},{"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"breakpoints":198,"hasAutosaves":34},{"small":32,"medium":33},{"text":173,"url":174},{},1776256937553,1776256937540,[],"xggsv10v1q9",{"createdDate":206,"id":207,"name":208,"modelId":186,"published":13,"stageModifiedSincePublish":6,"query":209,"data":210,"variations":220,"lastUpdated":221,"firstPublished":222,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":24,"lastUpdatedBy":24,"folders":223,"meta":224,"rev":204},1776256949234,"ce043785b71b4ece98eac811ecf4ba10","inductive-automation",[],{"link":211,"type":117,"testimonial":212,"testimonialLink":118},{},{"@type":120,"id":121,"model":117,"value":213},{"query":214,"folders":215,"createdDate":125,"id":121,"name":126,"modelId":127,"published":13,"data":216,"variations":217,"lastUpdated":133,"firstPublished":134,"testRatio":23,"createdBy":100,"lastUpdatedBy":100,"meta":218,"rev":137},[],[],{"author":129,"jobTitle":130,"quote":126,"image":131},{},{"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"breakpoints":219,"hasAutosaves":34},{"small":32,"medium":33},{},1776256974140,1776256974130,[],{"breakpoints":225,"kind":28,"lastPreviewUrl":29,"hasAutosaves":6},{"xsmall":31,"small":32,"medium":33},{"id":227,"title":228,"body":229,"description":239,"examples":326,"extension":329,"githubDir":330,"meta":331,"name":228,"navigation":34,"path":332,"references":333,"seo":336,"slug":235,"stem":337,"summaryHtml":338,"tactics":339,"techniqueId":340,"__hash__":341},"browserIdentityAttacksTechniques/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md","Evil twin integrations",{"type":230,"value":231,"toc":320},"minimark",[232,236,240,245,255,259,262,265,268,277,288,292,300,304],[233,234,228],"h1",{"id":235},"evil-twin-integrations",[237,238,239],"p",{},"ID: SAT1016",[241,242,244],"h2",{"id":243},"tactics","Tactics",[246,247,248,252],"ul",{},[249,250,251],"li",{},"Persistence",[249,253,254],{},"Defense Evasion",[241,256,258],{"id":257},"summary","Summary",[237,260,261],{},"OAuth apps provide a mechanism for maintaining long-term persistent access to compromised accounts that resist normal recovery actions, such as password resets. However, an in-depth investigation may lead to the discovery of OAuth integrations created by the adversary. Once these malicious integrations are deleted, the adversary would lose their persistence mechanism as soon as the access token expires (within hours or minutes).",[237,263,264],{},"Instead, the attacker could enumerate existing OAuth integrations the user has already granted/installed, find one that exposes useful scopes and functionality, and create a second instance or twin of that integration. These twin integrations look identical to the original integration as SaaS apps don’t display the details of the account on the other side of the integration, and are therefore unlikely to be discovered and deleted.",[237,266,267],{},"This attack relies on the victim having already installed or created an OAuth integration that would be useful to the attacker. Existing integrations with workflow automation / no-code automation platforms are typically the most useful, but other apps that access (and expose) sensitive data like email are common in marketing, sales and customer support tools.",[237,269,270,271,276],{},"A demo video of an attack chain combining ",[272,273,275],"a",{"href":274},"/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md","shadow workflows"," with an evil twin integration is given below:",[237,278,279],{},[272,280,284],{"href":281,"rel":282},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2EITjjJH1s",[283],"nofollow",[83,285],{"alt":286,"src":287},"demo video","https://img.youtube.com/vi/g2EITjjJH1s/0.jpg",[241,289,291],{"id":290},"examples","Examples",[246,293,294],{},[249,295,296],{},[272,297,299],{"href":298},"examples/hubspot","Hubspot",[241,301,303],{"id":302},"references","References",[246,305,306,313],{},[249,307,308],{},[272,309,312],{"href":310,"rel":311},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/maintaining-persistent-access-in-a-saas-first-world",[283],"Maintaining persistent access in a SaaS-first world - Technical blog post",[249,314,315],{},[272,316,319],{"href":317,"rel":318},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/nearly-invisible-attack-chain/",[283],"The shadow workflow's evil twin - Technical blog post",{"title":29,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":321},[322,323,324,325],{"id":243,"depth":48,"text":244},{"id":257,"depth":48,"text":258},{"id":290,"depth":48,"text":291},{"id":302,"depth":48,"text":303},[327],{"text":299,"url":328},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/examples/hubspot.md","md","evil_twin_integrations",{},"/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description",[334,335],{"text":312,"url":310},{"text":319,"url":317},{"title":228,"description":239},"techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description","\u003Cp>OAuth apps provide a mechanism for maintaining long-term persistent access to compromised accounts that resist normal recovery actions, such as password resets. However, an in-depth investigation may lead to the discovery of OAuth integrations created by the adversary. Once these malicious integrations are deleted, the adversary would lose their persistence mechanism as soon as the access token expires (within hours or minutes).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Instead, the attacker could enumerate existing OAuth integrations the user has already granted/installed, find one that exposes useful scopes and functionality, and create a second instance or twin of that integration. These twin integrations look identical to the original integration as SaaS apps don’t display the details of the account on the other side of the integration, and are therefore unlikely to be discovered and deleted.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This attack relies on the victim having already installed or created an OAuth integration that would be useful to the attacker. Existing integrations with workflow automation / no-code automation platforms are typically the most useful, but other apps that access (and expose) sensitive data like email are common in marketing, sales and customer support tools.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A demo video of an attack chain combining \u003Ca href=\"/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/shadow-workflows\">shadow workflows\u003C/a> with an evil twin integration is given below:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2EITjjJH1s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">demo video ↗\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",[251,254],"SAT1016","4WNwAly5tt8ppZi5EQOpuwLwgJ0u0pKl-XkNuQQS3Wc",1784196756180]